加拿大商标异议流程的问与答

General information

基本信息

1. How long does the process take?

An opposition proceeding before the Registrar can take as long as two to four years or even longer.

加拿大异议流程需要多长时间？加拿大异议，从提交异议申请，到官方做出裁定，耗时2-4年，或更长时间。

2. What are the stages of an opposition?

①　Statement of opposition

②　Counter statement

③　Evidence

④　Written representations (optional)

⑤　Hearing (optional)

⑥　Decision

⑦　Appeal

加拿大异议的具体流程是什么？

①　提出异议申请（异议理由）

②　对方答辩

③　举证或质询阶段

④　书面陈述（可选）

⑤　口审（可选）

⑥　裁定

⑦　上诉

Stage 1: Opposing a trademark application 

第一阶段：提出异议申请

1. How do I oppose a trademark application?

To start an opposition, you have to file your statement of opposition in the two months from the date that an application is published in the Trademarks Journal on CIPO's website. There is a $750 filing fee to begin an opposition process.

如何对一个商标提出异议申请？商标通过实质审查后，会在加拿大商标局官网上予以公告。异议申请必须在商标公告之日起2个月内提出。异议申请官费750加元。异议人必须同时提交异议理由。

2. What do I put in my statement of opposition?

A statement of opposition includes information about you (full name and address) and sets out the reasons why you object to the registration of the trademark. You do not need to provide evidence to support your grounds of opposition at this point, but you have to provide enough details about each of them in your statement of opposition to allow the applicant to understand and to respond properly to your objections.

异议理由应包括哪些内容？异议理由必须包括异议人的信息（名称和地址）、反对申请商标注册的理由。在此阶段，异议人无需提交证据，但每个异议理由必须阐述充分，以便对方理解和答辩。

3. What happens after I submit my statement of opposition to the Registrar?

The Registrar will determine if your statement of opposition meets the minimum requirements. If it does, the Registrar will forward a copy of your statement of opposition to the applicant, with an official notice of opposition. You will also receive a copy of the official notice by mail. If you did not include the filing fee, or if the statement of opposition does not meet the minimum requirements, the Registrar will inform you in writing.

异议理由提交之后，接下来会发生什么？官方会对异议人提交的异议理由进行初步审查，确认是否符合基本要求。若符合基本要求，官方会将该异议申请及异议理由通知对方，并同时抄送异议人。若异议人未缴纳异议费用，或者异议理由不符合基本要求，官方将会书面告知异议人。

Stage 2: Counter statement

第二阶段：异议答辩

1. What happens once the Registrar sends a copy of my statement of opposition to the applicant? 

In order to defend the application, the applicant has to respond in writing to your statement of opposition. This response is called a "counter statement". The applicant must send the counter statement to the Registrar, and send and serve a copy on you, within two months from the date of the official notice of opposition sent by the Registrar.

官方通知并将异议理由转交对方之后，会发生什么？为捍卫自己的商标注册，商标申请人（即被异议人）必须以书面形式对异议理由作出答复，即异议答辩或反陈述。商标申请人必须在收到官方异议通知之日起2个月内提交异议答辩，并同时抄送异议人。

2. What happens if I do not receive the applicant's counter statement?

You can check the status of the opposition proceeding in the Canadian Trademarks Database:If it has been more than two months since the date of the official notice of opposition, unless the applicant is able to obtain an extension of time from the Registrar, the opposition process will come to an end. The application will be deemed to have been abandoned and the trademark will not be registered.

如果商标申请人未提交异议答辩，会怎样？异议人提交异议理由之后，可以在加拿大商标局（CIPO）官网查看有关异议的状态。若从异议通知之日起算已超过2个月，而商标申请人并未申请延期或提交异议答辩的，异议程序将终止，被异议商标将无效。

3. What is the next step once I receive the applicant's counter statement?

Look at the applicant's counter statement carefully together with your statement of opposition. Then put together evidence to support your opposition.

收到商标申请人的异议答辩之后，异议人下一步该怎么做？异议人可对照其异议理由，对商标申请人提交的异议答辩进行仔细阅读和分析，并据此提供相关证据以支持其异议申请。

Stage 3: Evidence & Cross-examinations

举证与质询阶段

Evidence举证

1. What does "evidence" mean?

Evidence is any testimony, document or object that a party relies on to prove its case. In an opposition proceeding, the Registrar accepts two types of evidence; 1) witness' testimony presented in the form of an affidavit or a statutory declaration, or 2) certified copies of trademark applications or registrations. Any documents or objects (or photos of objects) that support the witness' testimony will have to be identified in the affidavit or the statutory declaration and attached as exhibits.If you are providing a certified copy of a trademark registration or application issued by the Registrar as evidence, it does not need to be attached to an affidavit or a statutory declaration. It can be submitted as stand-alone evidence.

证据是指什么？证据是当事双方用来证明其立场或观点的任何证词、文件或物体。在异议程序中，官方接受两种类型的证据：1）以宣誓或法定声明形式提交的证人证词，或2）商标申请或注册文件的核证副本。任何有关证人证词的文件或物体（或物体的照片）都必须在宣誓或法定声明中予以注明，并作为附件随附。如果提供商标局签发的商标注册或申请文件的核证副本作为证据，则无需随附在宣誓或法定声明中，可作为独立证据提交。

2. What happens if I do not want to file any evidence? Can I choose not to submit evidence?

Yes, you can choose not to file evidence. However, you must inform the applicant and the Registrar that you will not be filing any evidence in a letter, within four months from the time the applicant sent you its counter statement or within the extended deadline given to you by the Registrar.

如果不想提供任何证据，会发生什么？我能选择不提交证据吗？可以，异议人可以选择不提供证据，但必须在收到商标申请人异议答辩之日起4个月内，或在官方通知的延期时间期限内，以书面形式通知商标申请人和官方。

3. What happens if I do not file any evidence and do not inform the Registrar and the applicant in writing of my intention not to file any evidence within four months?

Unless you are able to obtain an extension of time from the Registrar, the opposition process will come to an end. The opposition will be deemed to have been withdrawn and the application will continue through the process towards registration.

如果没有提交任何证据，也未在4个月期限内以书面形式通知官方和商标申请人，会发生什么？除非能获得官方同意予以延期，否则异议程序将终止，异议申请将被撤回，被异议商标将重回正常审查流程，直至最终获得注册。

4. What happens after I file and serve my evidence?

The applicant will have the opportunity to send and serve evidence to defend the application. The applicant must serve on you a copy of the documents using one of the acceptable manners of service. The applicant has four months to do this, unless the applicant is able to obtain an extension of time from the Registrar.

如果在规定时间内提交了证据，接下来会发生什么？异议人提交证据后，商标申请人必须在收到异议人证据后4个月内，以宣誓或法定声明的形式向官方提交相关证据，并同时抄送异议人。此外，商标申请人也可以向官方申请延期提交证据。

5. What do I do once I receive the applicant's evidence?

Look at the applicant's evidence carefully and decide if you want to present evidence in response. This is called "reply evidence". If you do, you have one month from the date that the applicant served on you their evidence to file and serve your reply evidence. Sending and serving of reply evidence is done in the same manner as the original evidence you sent.

收到商标申请人提交的证据后，异议人该怎么做？收到商标申请人的证据后，异议人应仔细分析商标申请人的证据，并决定是否需要提交进一步的证据进行答辩，即“证据答辩”。如需要，异议人必须在收到商标申请人证据后1个月内，以宣誓或法定声明的形式向官方提交证据答辩，并同时抄送商标申请人。

Cross-examinations

质询

1.When can I ask for a cross-examination order?

You can request a cross-examination order as soon as you receive the applicant's evidence.

什么时候可以申请质询令？收到商标申请人的证据之后，异议人便可向官方申请质询令。

2. I received a cross-examination order. How long do I have to complete the cross-examination?

You will have four months from the date of the order to both conduct the cross examination, and file and serve the cross examination transcript. You should read the cross-examination order carefully. Make sure you understand your obligations and the applicant's obligations, and take note of the deadlines to complete the cross examination.

收到对方的质询令，异议人须在多长时间内完成质询？从质询令之日起算，异议人须在4个月内进行质询，并提交和送达质询笔录。异议人应仔细阅读质询令，确保已了解自己和申请人的义务，并注意完成质询的截止期限。

3. How is it done?

You and the applicant have to agree on the date, place and time, within that four-month period, to do the cross-examination. While personal attendance is the preferred method of cross-examination, the parties may agree to conduct cross-examination by video conference or other electronic means.

质询具体该怎样操作？关于证据质询，异议人和商标申请人必须就日期、地点和时间等方面达成共识，并在4个月期限内完成质询。尽管双方亲自出席质询环节视为首选方式，但双方也可以通过协商以视频会议或其他电子方式进行质询。

4. What happens once all the evidence has been filed?

You will receive a notice from the Registrar asking you and the applicant to file and serve written representations, if you wish to do so.

所有证据提交和送达后，接下来会发生什么？证据提交及质询阶段结束后，官方会通知异议人和商标申请人是否需要提交书面陈述。

Stage 4: Written representations

书面陈述

1. How long do I have to submit my written representations?

You will have two months from the date of the notice to submit and serve your written representations.

需要在多长时间内提交书面陈述？收到官方通知后，双方各有2个月时间提交书面陈述。

2. What are written representations?

Written representations are your presentations in writing of the reasons why your opposition should be maintained and the application should be refused. No supplemental evidence can be attached to your written representations.

书面陈述具体指什么？对于异议人来说，书面陈述是指以书面形式陈述该异议申请应予以维持、被异议商标应予以驳回的理由。书面陈述不能附带任何补充证据。

3. Do I have to file written representations?

No, written representations are optional.

异议双方是否必须提交书面陈述？不是，书面陈述为可选程序。

Stage 5: Hearing

口审

1. When will a hearing be scheduled?

A hearing will be scheduled as expeditiously as possible and the Registrar will send the parties a notice with the date, place and time at least 90 days in advance of the scheduled hearing.

什么时候安排口审？上一阶段结束后，官方会尽快安排口审，并会提前90天通知双方关于口审的日期、地点和时间。

2. Do I need to inform the Registrar if I do not wish to attend a hearing?

If you do not send a request for a hearing to the Registrar, the Registrar will presume that you do not intend on attending the hearing.

如果不想参加口审，是否需要通知官方？如果未向官方发送参加口审的请求，则官方会视为不打算参加口审。

3. What happens if the applicant has requested a hearing and I did not?

A hearing will be scheduled, but only the applicant will be allowed to make representations.

如果商标申请人请求口审，但异议人没有，会怎么样？官方将会安排口审，但仅允许商标申请人出席并进行陈述。

4. How are hearings conducted?

At the beginning of the hearing the Board member may provide a brief overview of the particulars of the case to be heard and the procedure to follow for the hearing. The member will then deal with any preliminary matters. The opponent is then given the first opportunity to make representations, followed by the applicant. After the applicant has made its representations, the opponent is entitled to make a short rebuttal. The member may ask questions at any point during the hearing.

口审如何进行？口审开始之前，商标异议委员会参会人员将简要概述案件细节及口审的相关程序。口审开始后，官方会先给异议人陈述的机会，随后是商标申请人进行陈述。商标申请人陈述后，异议人有权提出简短的反驳。官方可在口审的任何时候进行提问。

Stage 6: Decision

裁定

1. How is a decision rendered?

The member of the Trademarks Opposition Board who presided over the hearing will render a decision in writing on behalf of the Registrar. The decision is based on the record, including the evidence filed by you and the applicant, the written representations submitted by either or both parties as well as the representations made at the hearing. The Registrar will send a copy of the decision to both parties once it has been issued.

如何做出裁定？主持口审的商标异议委员会成员将代表商标注册处以书面形式做出裁定。该裁定将基于案件相关记录，包括异议人和商标申请人提交的证据，任何一方或双方提交的书面陈述，以及在口审环节所作的陈述。异议裁定作出后，官方（即商标注册处）将分别发送给异议双方。

2. How will the case be decided if there is no hearing?

The file will be assigned to a member of the Trademarks Opposition Board who will render a decision in writing on behalf of the Registrar. The decision will be based on the record, including the evidence filed by each party and any written representations submitted. The Registrar will send a copy of the decision to both parties once it has been issued.

如果没有口审，案件会如何裁定？若没有口审环节，案件相关材料将会转交给商标异议委员会的其中一名成员，并由该成员代表商标注册处以书面形式做出裁定。该裁定将基于案件相关记录，包括双方或任何一方提交的证据以及所作的书面陈述。异议裁定作出后，官方将分别发送给异议双方。

Stage 7: Appeal

上诉

1. Can I appeal the Registrar's decision?

Pursuant to section 56 of the Trademarks Act, an appeal of the Registrar's decision may be made to the Federal Court of Canada, within two months from the date on which notice of the decision was dispatched by the Registrar to you or within such extended time as the Court may allow.

可以对异议裁定提出上诉吗？根据加拿大《商标法》第56条，任何一方可在收到异议裁定通知之日起2个月内，或在法院允许的延期范围，向加拿大联邦法院提起上诉。

随附加拿大异议流程：

1、异议人提交异议申请及异议理由，公告期2个月内提出，特殊理由可延期；

2、申请人在收到异议通知之日起2个月内提交答辩；

3、异议人在收到申请人答辩后4个月内提交证据，可延期，也可不提交证据。若未提交证据，也未向官方声明不提交证据的，异议将被撤掉；

4、申请人收到异议人证据后4个月内提交证据。若未提交证据，也未向官方声明不提交证据的，商标申请将无效；

5、异议人针对申请人的证据进行答复和举证，期限1个月。

6、异议人书面陈述，期限2个月；

7、申请人书面陈述，期限2个月；

8、口审请求：对方提交书面陈述起一个月内；

9、裁定；

10、上诉。