新加坡加强版权制度的立法改革
2796★
Key Features of the Bill
新法案的主要特点
①It will introduce new rights and remedies for creators, to ensure copyright continues to reward the creation of works and incentivise creativity. For example:
新法案将为创作者引入新的权利和救济措施，以确保版权继续为创作者带来收益，从而激发创造力。如：
一项新的版权，要求使用人能确保当作品公开使用时，包括在网上发表时，已经获得创作者或表演者的许可。这将有助于个人创作者和表演者建立自己的声誉。
Creators of photographs, portraits, engravings, sound recordings and films, whether commissioned or otherwise, will by default be the first owner of copyright unless otherwise prescribed by contract. This changes the current position, where the commissioning party owns the copyright by default. Creators will be better positioned to negotiate with the commissioning parties, and can further showcase and commercialise their works for other purposes.
除非另有合同规定，照片、肖像、版画、录音和电影等作品的创作者，无论是否存在委托，均默认为版权作品的第一所有者。这也改变了现行版权法中关于委托方默认拥有版权的条款。创作者可以更好地与委托方进行谈判，并可以进一步展示和商业化使用其作品。
②It will create new exceptions to copyright owners’ rights, known as “permitted uses” to ensure copyright works are reasonably available for the benefit of society and to support innovation. For example:
新法案为版权所有者的权利开设了新“特例”，即“许可使用”，以确保版权作品可以合理地为社会公众所用，以支持进一步创新。如：
版权作品，经合法访问，可用于计算数据分析，如情感分析、文本和数据挖掘，或训练机学习，而无需征得每个版权所有者的许可。这将有助于支持研究和创新工作。
教师和学生可以在教育活动中使用免费的互联网材料，包括居家学习，只需承认来源即可。但是，若已知晓来源侵权，则必须停止使用。新法案的这个新“特例”可谓是“及时雨”，因为目前教育对于在线材料的使用需求已急剧增加。
③结语
The Bill will restructure and reword the legislation in plain English, to enhance its clarity and accessibility. The Bill adopts a more intuitive, thematic structure and provides illustrations to show how provisions should be applied in particular situations. This will allow creators, users, and intermediaries to better understand how the law works to both protect and provide access to works.
MinLaw and the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) would like to thank all respondents who provided feedback during the several rounds of public consultations culminating in a draft version of the Bill being issued for final consultation in February this year.
若获得通过，预计将在 2021 年 11 月开始实施新法案中的大部分条款。
