过分！白宫宣布：对所有中国进口商品征收 104% 关税

特朗普政府的贸易政策轨迹可谓复杂多变。早在今年2月，特朗普便以中国在非法移民和芬太尼流入美国等问题上所谓的“不当角色”为由，对所有中国商品初始征收10%的关税，无一例外。上月，这一税率翻倍。而此次，原本计划在周三作为特朗普“对等”关税一揽子计划的一部分，对中国商品关税提升34% ，但由于北京方面并未在周二中午前放弃对美国商品征收34%报复性关税的承诺，特朗普决定再追加50%的关税，使得额外关税总计达到84%，连同之前的基础关税，最终形成了这一惊人的104%关税。

面对美国的这一举措，中国商务部迅速做出回应，明确表示“坚决反对”对中国进口商品加征50%的关税，直言这是“错误中的错误”。中国商务部誓言将加大对美国出口的报复力度，展现出中国维护自身合法权益、捍卫国际贸易公平秩序的坚定决心。这种针锋相对的态势，使得中美贸易关系愈发紧张，全球贸易市场也因此蒙上了一层厚重的阴影。

美国股市对这一消息反应极为敏感。在莱维特发表讲话前，周二上午美国股市还呈现大幅上涨的态势，但消息一经公布，股市走势急转直下。截至东部时间下午3点，道琼斯、纳斯达克和标准普尔500指数均跌入负值区域。这充分表明，投资者对美国政府这一贸易政策调整充满担忧，股市的波动也反映出市场对未来经济形势不确定性的恐慌情绪。

从贸易数据来看，中国在美对外贸易格局中占据着重要地位。去年，中国是美国第二大进口来源国，向美国出口了总额达4390亿美元的商品，而美国向中国出口了1440亿美元的商品。如此庞大的贸易规模，使得双方互相加征的关税威胁不仅会对两国国内产业造成严重伤害，更可能引发一系列连锁反应，导致裁员等负面社会经济后果。美国国内依赖中国进口商品的企业，如玩具、智能手机、电脑以及各类消费电子产品等行业，或将因关税大幅提升而面临成本剧增的困境。这些企业要么自行消化成本，压缩利润空间，要么将成本转嫁给消费者，导致物价上涨，无论哪种情况，都不利于美国国内经济的稳定发展。

回顾特朗普第一任期结束时，根据彼得森国际经济研究所的分析，美国对中国商品的平均关税税率为19.3%。随后的拜登政府不仅保留了特朗普时期的大部分关税，还额外加征，使得平均税率上升至20.8%。而此次特朗普再度出手加征关税后，到周三，中国出口到美国商品的平均关税将飙升至近125%。如此高的关税壁垒，无疑将严重阻碍中美双边贸易的正常开展，打破原有的贸易平衡。

在以往几轮中美贸易摩擦中，虽然美国部分企业开始寻求将生产转移至墨西哥、越南等其他国家，但中国在诸多商品领域仍保持着美国主要进口来源国的地位。如今，这104%关税一旦实施，美国消费者将不可避免地受到冲击。玩具、通信设备、电脑及各类消费电子产品等日常用品的价格很可能大幅上涨，直接影响民众的生活成本和生活质量。而对于美国相关产业来说，失去中国优质且价格合理的供应链支持，其生产和运营也将面临诸多难题，如原材料供应不稳定、生产成本上升等，进而影响企业的竞争力和市场份额。

从国际视角来看，美国这一单方面加征高额关税的行为，违背了自由贸易原则，破坏了全球产业链和供应链的稳定。在全球经济一体化的大背景下，各国经济紧密相连，这种贸易保护主义行径不仅损害了中美两国的利益，也给世界经济的复苏和发展带来了极大的不确定性。国际社会纷纷呼吁美国回归理性，通过平等、公正的对话协商解决贸易分歧，共同维护全球经济的稳定与繁荣。

此次白宫宣布的对中国进口商品加征104%关税事件，是中美贸易关系中的一次重大危机，也是全球经济发展面临的一次严峻挑战。未来，中美两国如何在这场贸易博弈中找到平衡，国际社会又将如何应对这一贸易乱局带来的连锁反应，都值得我们密切关注和深入思考。

外媒原文如下：

President Donald Trump is set to impose an astounding 104% in levies across all Chinese imports on Wednesday, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt announced on Tuesday. This comes on top of Chinese tariffs that were in place prior to Trump’s second term.

China was already set to see tariffs increase by 34% on Wednesday as part of Trump’s “reciprocal” tariffs package. But the president tacked on another 50% after Beijing didn’t back off its promise to impose 34% retaliatory tariffs on US goods by noon Tuesday, adding an additional 84% in duties.

Earlier Tuesday, China’s Commerce Ministry said it “firmly opposes” the additional 50% tariffs on Chinese imports, calling it “a mistake upon a mistake.” The ministry vowed to escalate its retaliation on US exports.

US stocks, which soared Tuesday morning, began moving lower off Leavitt’s comments. By 3 p.m. ET the Dow, Nasdaq and S&P 500 were all in negative territory.

“Countries like China, who have chosen to retaliate and try to double down on their mistreatment of American workers, are making a mistake,” Leavitt told reporters on Tuesday. “President Trump has a spine of steel, and he will not break.”

“The Chinese want to make a deal, they just don’t know how to do it,” she added. She declined to share what, if any, terms Trump would consider to lower tariffs on China.

Trump initially imposed a 10% tariff on all Chinese goods in February, with no exceptions, tying it to the country’s alleged role in aiding illegal immigration and getting fentanyl into the US. Last month, he doubled those rates.

China was America’s second largest source of imports last year, shipping a total of $439 billion worth of goods to the US, while the US exported $144 billion worth of goods to China. The mutual tariffs threaten to hurt domestic industries and are poised to result in layoffs.

When Trump’s first term ended, the US charged an average tariff rate of 19.3% on Chinese goods, according to a Peterson Institute for International Economic analysis. The Biden administration kept most of Trump’s tariffs in place while also adding additional ones, bringing the average rate to 20.8%.

Come Wednesday, the total average tariff on Chinese exports to the US will soar to nearly 125%.

While previous rounds of Chinese tariffs caused more American businesses to look to other foreign countries like Mexico and Vietnam to manufacture goods, China remained the top foreign source of several items.

That includes, among others, toys, communication equipment such as smartphones, computers and a wide range of other consumer electronics. All these goods are likely to cost US consumers substantially more soon.